O consumo de farinha de taro (Colocasia esculenta) favorece a integridade óssea em ratos machos / Taro (Colocasia esculenta) flour intake enable bone integrity in male rats

Objetivo: A proposta deste estudo foi investigar a composição óssea em ratos tratados com dieta suplementada com farinha de taro (Colocasia esculenta) até eles completarem 90 dias de idade. Métodos: No momento do desmame, os ratos foram divididos em grupo controle (C, n = 11) e experimental (T, n = 12) ­ composto por animais tratados com farinha de taro até os 90 dias de idade. Ingestão alimentar, massa e comprimento corporal foram avaliados semanalmente ao longo de todo o período experimental. Dimensões ósseas, bem como a densidade mineral óssea (DMO), conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO), área óssea total e propriedades biomecânicas foram determinadas no final de 90 dias. Resultados: Grupo T apresentou elevados valores (P<0.05) para massa e comprimento corporal; DMO, CMO e área óssea da coluna vertebral; DMO na quarta vértebra lombar; massa femoral, distância entre as epífises, largura do ponto médio da diáfise, DMO, força máxima e concentrações séricas de osteocalcina, quando comparado ao grupo controle. Conclusões: A ingestão da farinha de taro apresentou efeito positivo na saúde óssea. (AU)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate bone composition in male rats treated with diet supplemented with taro (Colocasia esculenta) flour until their 90 days. Methods: Weanling male rats were divided into control (C, n=11) and experimental group (T, n=12); the latter comprised animals treated with taro flour until their 90 days. Food intake, body mass and length were evaluated on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period. Spine bone dimension, as well as bone mineral density (BMD), mineral content (BMC), total area and biomechanical properties were determined after 90 days. Results: T group recorded higher values for (P<0.05) body mass and length; BMD, BMC and total spinal area; BMD of the fourth lumbar vertebra; femoral mass, distance between epiphysis, medial point of diaphysis width, BMD, maximum strength and osteocalcin concentrations than the control. Conclusion: Taro flour intake had positive effect on bone health. (AU)

Morbidade hospitalar, associada ao aparelho circulatório em Santo Antônio de Jesus - Bahia / Hospital morbidity associated with the circulatory apparatus in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil

Current analysis compared the number of deaths associated with diseases of the circulatory apparatus in Santo Antônio de Jesus (SAJ) and those of Salvador, the capital of the state of Bahia (SSA). Investigation was based on census data (2005 ­ 2014). Results: SAJ has 90,985 residents, with 42,965 (48%) males and 48,020 (52%) females. Further, 87.15% resided in the urban area, most within the 30-39 and 40-49 age bracket; 97.71% worked in the municipality. SAJ (vs. SSA) had the lowest number of deaths (p<0.05) with a greater percentage of hospital morbidity (p<0.05). Percentage of hospital morbidity associated with diseases of the circulatory apparatus were higher among males (p<0.05) and lower among females (p<0.05). Epidemiological studies and the development of strategies to cope with cardiologic issues, as an object of public health, are required in SAJ.

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o número de óbitos, associados às doenças do aparelho circulatório, no município de Santo Antônio de Jesus (SAJ) em relação à capital do Estado da Bahia, Salvador (SSA). Estudo retrospectivo baseado nos dados do Censo (2005 ­ 2014). Resultados: SAJ: apresentou 90.985 residentes, sendo 42.965 (48%) do sexo masculino e 48.020 (52%) do sexo feminino. 87,15% das pessoas residem na zona urbana e maior parte destas está na faixa etária de 30-39 e 40-49 anos; 97,71% das pessoas trabalham no município. SAJ (vs. SSA) apresentou menor número de óbitos (p<0,05), no entanto, com maior percentual de morbidade hospitalar (p<0,05). Os percentuais de morbidade hospitalar associada às doenças do aparelho circulatório foram maiores entre os homens (p<0,05) e menores entre as mulheres (p<0,05). Estudos epidemiológicos e o desenvolvimento de estratégias de abordagem dos problemas cardiológicos, como objeto da saúde pública, são necessários no município de Santo Antônio de Jesus.

Comparação entre três softwares de cálculo de dietas: uma análise do valor energético de uma dieta enteral semiartesanal / Comparing three softwares for diet calculation: analysis of energetic value in a semi-amateur enteral diet

O objetivo do presente estudo foi recalcular as dietas enterais semiartesanais padrões apresentados em uma Cartilha de Terapia Nutricional Enteral Domiciliar. Foram selecionadas as dietas 1.500, 1.800 e 2.100 kcal. Utilizaram-se três softwares de cálculo de dietas, Programa A, B, C, e cálculo manual com o auxílio de três referências bibliográficas. A dieta de 1.500 kcal pelo Programa A apresentou percentual de inadequação de -22,62%, Programa B -13,9%, Programa C +15,73% e pelo cálculo manual -1,1%. A dieta de 1.800 kcal apresentou no Programa A -26,6%, Programa B -15,6%, Programa C +11,17% e no cálculo manual -1,8%. A dieta de 2.100 kcal pelo Programa A -25,5%, Programa B -15,8%, Programa C +7,2% e no cálculo manual -4,8%. No estudo foi inviável reproduzir as dietas com auxílio do Programa A, B e C. O cálculo manual foi o método que mais se aproximou dos valores de oferta calórica apresentados pela cartilha.

Current analysis recalculates standard semi-amateur enteral diets given in a handout for Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy. Diets with 1,500, 1,800 and 2,100 kcal were selected. Three softwares for diet calculation were employed, namely, Program A, B, C, and a manual calculation, with the help of three bibliographical references. Diet 1,500 kcal of Program A had a non-adequacy percentage of -22.62%; Program B featured -13.9%; Program C featured +15.73%; manual calculation featured -1.1%. Diet 1,800 kcal features -6.6% in Program A; -15.6% in Program B; +11.17% in Program C; and -1.8% in manual calculation. Diet 2,100 kcal of Program A featured -25.5%; Program B featured -15.8%; Program C featured +7.2%; manual calculation featured -4.8%. Analysis showed unfeasibility of diets with Programs A, B and C. Manual calculation was the method that was closest to values of calorie calculation presented in the guideline.

Antioxidant action of alpha lipoic acid on the testis and epididymis of diabetic rats: morphological, sperm and immunohistochemical evaluation

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic hyperglycemia is caused by diabetes mellitus-committed genital morphophysiology, and oxidative stress is one of the main factors involved in this process. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) can prevent metabolic and morphological changes in diabetic individuals. Objectives In present study, we evaluated the effects of regular ALA consumption on the spermatogenesis and histoarchitecture in the male genital system of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into groups: Control (CG); Diabetic Control (DCG), receiving commercial diet: ALA Group (ALAG) and Diabetic ALA Group (DALAG), fed diets with added ALA (300 mg/Kg bw). The diabetic groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). After sixty days of the diet, the animals were euthanized, and semen, testis and epididymis samples were collected. A histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the epithelial height, tubular and luminal diameter, tubular and luminal area of seminiferous tubules and each epididymal region. Sertoli cells were evidenced using the antivimenti antibody and were quantified. The results were statistically analyzed by the ANOVA test. Results At the end of the experiment, the DALAG glycemia was significantly lower than DCG. The histomorphometric parameters of the seminiferous and epididymal tubules did not show improvement in the DALAG. However, there was an improvement in the DALAG in terms of the concentration, motility and percentage of spermatic pathologies, as well as in the number of Sertoli cells (p<0.001). Conclusions The results demonstrated that supplementation with the ALA antioxidant retards testicular lesions and preserve the process of spermatogenesis in diabetes.

Impacto da dieta hiperlipídica contendo óleo de canola ou de soja no desenvolvimento da adiposidade abdominal e estrutura óssea / Impact of high-fat diet containing canola oil or soybean in the development of abdominal adiposity and bone structure

A baixa relação de ômega-6/ômega-3 esta relacionada com propriedades benéficas para a saúde óssea. No entanto, a dieta rica nestes compostos pode levar a obesidade. Adipócitos e osteoblastos derivam de células progenitoras comuns, e o consumo de óleo de canola pode ter ação adipogênica e osteogênica. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a adiposidade abdominal, insulina e estrutura óssea em ratos tratados com dieta contendo baixa relação ômega-6/ômega-3, proveniente do óleo de canola. Após desmame, os ratos foram divididos em grupos alimentados com dieta normocalórica: Controle (S) e experimental (C), contendo 7m1/100g de óleo de soja ou de canola e grupos tratados com dieta rica em lipídios: Controle (7S) ou hiperlipídico contendo 19m1/100g de óleo de soja (19S) ou de canola (19C), até completarem 60 dias de idade. Os dados foram significativos com P<0,05. No primeiro modelo, o grupo C apresentou redução de: Massa e área do adipócito intra-abdominal; Colesterol; Insulina; Densidade mineral (DMO) e massa óssea total e na coluna vertebral; Massa do fêmur; Espessura da diáfise; DMO do fêmur e das vértebras lombares e radiodensidade da cabeça do fêmur. No segundo modelo, os grupos 19S e 19C apresentaram maior ingestão calórica, densidade corporal, massa de gordura intra-abdominal, e maior massa e comprimento do fêmur e da coluna lombar. O grupo 19S apresentou maior área e menor número de adipócitos da região retroperitoneal. Glicose e a insulina foram aumentadas no grupo 19C vs. 7S. A tomografia do fêmur revelou maior radiodensidade na região proximal e da coluna lombar, no grupo 19C. Sugerimos que a quantidade e o tipo de lipídio consumido, após o desmame, induzem não somente o desenvolvimento corporal e os depósitos de gordura, além de afetarem a resistência insulínica e a saúde óssea

The lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with healthy bone properties. However, fat diets can induce obesity. Adipocytes and osteoblasts derive from a common progenitor, and canola oil intake may have an adipogenic and osteogenic effect. Our objective was to evaluate the intra-abdominal adiposity, insulin and bone growth in rats fed diet containing lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3, provided in canola oil. After weaning, rats were divided into groups fed with normocaloric diet: control (S) and experimental (C), containing 7 m1/100g soybean or canola oil, respectively and groups fed with fat diet: control (7S) or fat diets containing 19 m1/100g soybean oil (19S) or canola oil (19C), until they 60 days old. Differences were considered significant with P<0,05. In normocaloric diet model, C group showed a significant reduction in: Intra-abdominal fat mass; Area of adipocyte; Cholesterol; Insulin; Total body and spine bone mineral content and bone area; Femur mass; Width of the diaphysis; Femur and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density and radiodensity of femoral head. To high-fat diet model, 19S and 19C groups showed higher energy intake, body density growth, intra-abdominal fat mass and higher femur mass and, lumbar vertebrae mass and length. 19S showed higher area and lower number of retroperitoneal adipocytes. Glucose and insulin were significantly increased in 19C compared to 7S group. Computed tomography of femur revealed higher radiodensity in proximal femoral epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae of 19C. We suggest that the amount and the source of fat used in the diet, after weaning, induce not only the body and fat depots growth, besides affecting the insulin resistance and the bone health

Abdominal adiposity, insulin and bone quality in young male rats fed a high-fat diet containing soybean or canola oil

OBJECTIVES: A low ratio of omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with healthy bone properties. However, fatty diets can induce obesity. Our objective was to evaluate intra-abdominal adiposity, insulin, and bone growth in rats fed a high-fat diet containing low ratios of omega-6/omega-3 provided in canola oil. METHODS: After weaning, rats were grouped and fed either a control diet (7S), a high-fat diet containing soybean oil (19S) or a high-fat diet of canola oil (19C) until they were 60 days old. Differences were considered to be significant if p<0.05. RESULTS: After 60 days, the 19S and 19C groups showed more energy intake, body density growth and intraabdominal fat mass. However, the 19S group had a higher area (200 percent) and a lower number (44 percent) of adipocytes, while the 7S and 19C groups did not differ. The serum concentrations of glucose and insulin and the insulin resistance index were significantly increased in the 19C group (15 percent, 56 percent, and 78 percent, respectively) compared to the 7S group. Bone measurements of the 19S and 19C groups showed a higher femur mass (25 percent) and a higher lumbar vertebrae mass (11 percent) and length (5 percent). Computed tomography analysis revealed more radiodensity in the proximal femoral epiphysis and lumbar vertebrae of 19C group compared to the 7S and 19S groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the amount and source of fat used in the diet after weaning increase body growth and fat depots and affect insulin resistance and, consequently, bone health.

Tomografia computadorizada na avaliação da distribuição do tecido adiposo abdominal de ratos alimentados com rações hiperlipídicas após desnutrição neonatal / Computed tomography in the evaluation of abdominal fat distribution associated with a hyperlipidic diet in previously undernourished rats

OBJETIVO: Descrever repercussões da ração suplementada com óleo de soja ou óleo de canola, por meio da tomografia computadorizada, na distribuição do tecido adiposo abdominal, após desmame de ratos desnutridos durante a lactação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Ratas lactantes submetidas a restrição alimentar (RA) em 50 por cento, de acordo com o consumo das lactantes controles (C). Após o desmame, filhotes desnutridos receberam ração contendo 19 por cento de óleo de soja (RA-soja 19 por cento) ou óleo de canola (RA-canola 19 por cento). Os filhotes do grupo controle receberam ração contendo 7 por cento de óleo de soja (C-soja 7 por cento). Aos 60 dias de idade, foram realizadas medidas corporais e das áreas de tecido adiposo abdominal por meio de tomografia computadorizada. Após sacrifício, tecido adiposo abdominal foi excisado e pesado. Os dados foram expressos como média ± erro-padrão da média, considerando o nível de significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos RA 19 por cento desenvolveram similares comprimento, massa corporal e depósito de tecido adiposo visceral. Todas as avaliações realizadas foram significantemente menores em relação ao grupo C-soja 7 por cento. Entretanto, na tomografia computadorizada, os grupos RA-soja 19 por cento e RA-canola 19 por cento apresentaram diferenças significativas da distribuição do tecido adiposo abdominal. CONCLUSÃO: A tomografia computadorizada mostrou que a distribuição de tecido adiposo, na cavidade abdominal, pode ser dependente do tipo de óleo vegetal na dieta.

OBJECTIVE: To study, by means of computed tomography, the repercussion of post-weaning dietary supplementation with soy oil or canola oil on the abdominal fat distribution in previously undernourished rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dams submitted to 50 percent food restriction (FR) compared with dams receiving a standard diet (C). After weaning, undernourished rats received a diet supplemented with 19 percent soy oil (19 percent FR-soy) or 19 percent canola oil (19 percent FR-canola). Rats in the control group received a diet with 7 percent soy oil (7 percent C-soy) until the end of the experimental period. At the age of 60 days old, the rats were submitted to computed tomography for evaluation of total abdominal and visceral fat area. The rats' length and body mass were evaluated and, after their sacrifice, the abdominal fat depots were excised weighted. The data are reported as mean ± mean standard error, with p < 0.05 considered as significance level. RESULTS: Rats in the group 19 percent FR presented similar length, body weight and visceral fat mass. As a whole, the evaluations have shower results significantly lower in relation to the control group (7 percent C-soy). However, computed tomography has found significant differences in abdominal fat distribution for the groups 19 percent FR-soy and 19 percent FR-canola. CONCLUSION: Computed tomography has demonstrated that the abdominal fat distribution may be dependent on the type of vegetable oil included in the diet.